INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND BRAIN CIRCULATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32070/ec.v1i49.107Keywords:
migration, brain circulation, migration policyAbstract
Many highly developed countries suffer the economic consequences of a growthlimiting demographic gap, which they only can fill with immigration. However, immigrants must be capable to be integrated into the receiving economy based on age and education. However, emigration raises in the home-countries the complex problem of “Brain Drain” (including loss of human capital, reduction in unemployment), which is offset by a “Brain Gain” in the destination country due to immigration. It can be shown, however, that within the framework of an adapted migration policy there can be a "Brain Circulation" that has advantages for all countries involved
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References
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Dedrick, Jason / Kraemer, Kenneth L. (1993): Information Technology in India, https://escholarship.org/content/qt5b5204tr/qt5b5204tr_noSplash_6de54bd467d8b946f48aad335acac3a8.pdf
Ette, Andreas; Sauer, Lenore (2010): Emigration from Germany - data and analyzes on the international migration of German citizens, Wiesbaden.
Fassmann, Heinz (2008): “Circular Labor Migration in Europe - A Critical Reflection”, in: Lentz, Sebastian / Wardenga, Ute, ed., Forum ifl, issue 8, Leipzig: Leibniz Institute for Regional Geography, 21-30.
Gankova-Ivanova, Zvetelina (2015): Hochschulbildung, Innovation und Beschfäftigung, in: Tsenov, Alexander (Ed.): 25 Jahre FDIBA German Engineering made in Bulgaria, Sofia, p. 101 – 108
Han, Petrus (2016): Sociology of Migration, Constance and Munich, UVK Verlagsgesellschaft.
Hornoff, Sandra / Langthaler, Margarita (2008): Brain Drain and its Effects on Developing Countries, Vienna
Hunger, Uwe (2003): Brain drain or brain gain: Migration and development, in: Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaft special issue 22/2003, 58-75.
Hunger, Uwe. (2000): “From> Brain Drain <to> Brain Gain <- Migration, Networking and Socio-Economic Development: The Example of Indian Software Migrants
Lang, Franz Peter (1999): Innovations- und Edukationssysteme im Spannungsfeldvon Gruppeninteressen, in: Rebe, Bernd (Ed.): Humanität – Wandel – Utopie, Oldenburg, p. 107-130.
Lang, Franz Peter (2016): Zirkulare Ausbildungsmigration heißt aus der Not eine Tugend machen! in: https://www.fom.de/newsroom/meinungen/das-oekonomischestatement.html#!acc=31-03-2016-kurzkommentar-von-franz-peter-lang-zirkulaereausbildungsmigration-heisst-aus-der-not-eine-tugend-machen, 6.3.2016
Stange, Astrid Martina (1994): Zollunion versus Gemeinsamer Markt: Eine disaggregierte Makroanalyse der Integration von Güter und Faktormärkten, Berlin US immigration and citizen service (2021): https://www.uscis.gov/laws-andpolicy/legislation/immigration-and-nationality-act, 26.2.2021
Venkatachalam, Anbumozhi (2021): Can a Self-Reliance Strategy Pull India Out of Recession? Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia https://www.eria.org/news-and-views/can-a-self-reliance-strategy-pull-india-out-ofrecession/
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Published
2021-01-31
How to Cite
Lang, F. P. (2021). INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND BRAIN CIRCULATION. European Cooperation, 1(49), 74–80. https://doi.org/10.32070/ec.v1i49.107
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Management
